IMPLIKASI GLOBALISASI DALAM POLA KEKERASAN SEKTARIANISME DI INDONESIA
Abstract
The last decade was marked by sectarian violence in Indonesia. In 2008, violence occurred on Ahmadiyah groups in Cikeusik, Pandeglang and in Manis Lor, Kuningan in 2010. Violence also experienced by Shia groups in Bangil and Sampang in 2011 and 2012. Some of these events indicate the interaction between globalization and identity that is not always peaceful because it affirms identity by exclusion until applying violence to another in the process. There is a landmark that the rampant exclusion to violence is facilitated by globalization. This study looks at this link by analyzing how globalization allows for patterns of violence in sectarianism in Indonesia. Globalization forms the basis of this study primarily as a condition that facilitates the flow of information and communication. As a result, individuals become more open to the possibilities or find the fundamentally inclined side. The authors argue that globalization also enables an increase in the spread of violence against other rather than bringing tolerance and togetherness. This can be seen from the hate narratives formed against Ahmadiyya and Shiite groups by conservative groups. In conclusion, globalization tends to serve as enabling conditions rather than actors who form discourse. Against the pattern of sectarian violence, globalization also allows the narrative of hatred to spread into violence as normal in strengthening identity. In other words, far from acknowledging the truth, globalization in fact also enables subscribers to the pattern of sectarian violence in Indonesia.
Keywords: globalisation, violence, other, narration, sectarian
ABSTRAK
Dekade terakhir diwarnai kekerasan sektarian di Indonesia. Pada 2008, kekerasan terjadi atas kelompok Ahmadiyah di Cikeusik, Pandeglang dan di Manis Lor, Kuningan pada 2010. Kekerasan juga dialami kelompok Syiah di Bangil dan Sampang pada 2011 dan 2012. Beberapa peristiwa tersebut menunjukkan interaksi antara globalisasi dan identitas yang tidak selalu damai karena mengokohkan identitas dengan mengeksklusi hingga menerapkan kekerasan kepada liyan (other) dalam prosesnya. Terdapat tengara bahwa maraknya eksklusi hingga kekerasan tersebut terfasilitasi oleh globalisasi. Studi ini melihat kaitan tersebut dengan menganalisis bagaimana globalisasi memungkinkan pola kekerasan dalam sektarianisme di Indonesia. Globalisasi menjadi dasar studi ini terutama sebagai kondisi yang mempermudah arus informasi dan komunikasi. Dampaknya, individu menjadi lebih terbuka terhadap kemungkinan atau mencari sisi fundamental yang cenderung pasti. Penulis berargumen bahwa globalisasi juga memungkinkan peningkatan penyebaran kekerasan terhadap liyan daripada memunculkan toleransi dan kebersamaan. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari narasi kebencian yang dibentuk terhadap kelompok Ahmadiyah dan Syiah oleh kelompok konservatif. Dalam kesimpulan, globalisasi cenderung berlaku sebagai kondisi yang memampukan daripada aktor yang membentuk wacana. Terhadap pola kekerasan sektarianisme, globalisasi juga memungkinkan narasi kebencian makin tersebar hingga menjadikan kekerasan sebagai hal yang normal dalam penguatan identitas. Dengan kata lain, jauh dari pengakuan atas liyan, globalisasi nyatanya juga memungkinkan pelanggengan pola kekerasan sektarianisme di Indonesia.Â
Kata Kunci: globalisasi, kekerasan, liyan, narasi, sektarian
Keywords
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