KONSERVASI BERBASIS KOMUNITAS RELIGI: MEMBEDAH PERAN ORMAS KEAGAMAAN DALAM UPAYA MELESTARIKAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM DI INDONESIA

Ulil Amri

Abstract

This article describes the role of religious-based communities in promoting conservation practices. The subjects of research are pesantrens and schools, which affiliated with Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, the two biggest and oldest Islamic communities in Indonesia. The idea of conservation is originated from a combination of ethical values based on global environmental movement and the Islamic eco-theology. This idea is manifested into three types of practices including: 1) mitigating environmental destructive activities—mainly deforestation; 2) conducting reforestation; and 3) providing alternative energy resources. Despite their relative success in introducing conservation practices, there are some obstacles that may hamper the future of such practices, i.e. the problem of elite capture, lack of initiative from community members, different views which leads to conflict, and half-hearted commitment of certain community members to support the conservation practices.


Keywords: Konservasi, Komunitas Religi, Nahdatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah

Full Text:

PDF

References

Cooke, Bill, Uma Kothari (eds.). 2002. Participation: The New Tyranny? London: Zed Books.

Dewitt, Calvin. 1998. “The Three Big Questions”. Dalam Richard Folz (ed.). 2003. Worldviews, Religion and the Environment: A Global Anthology. Belmont: CA Wadsworth.

Foltz, Richard. 2003. “Islamic environmentalism: a matter of interpretation” Dalam Richard Foltz, Frederick Matthewson Denny, and Baharudin Azizan (eds.) Islam and Ecology: A Bestowed Trust. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Gottlieb, Roger. 2006. A Greener Faith: Religious Environmentalism in Our Planet’s Future. Oxford University Press.

Kaza, Stephanie. 2000. “To Save All Beings: Buddhist Environmental Activism” Dalam Christopher S. Queen (ed.). Engaged Buddhism in the West. Boston: Wisdom Publications.

Khalid, Fazlun. 1992. “The Disconnected People.” Dalam Fazlun Khalid dan Joanne O’Brien (eds.). Islam and Ecology. New York: Cassell.

Kinsley, David. 1994. Ecology and Religion: Ecological Spirituality in Cross-cultural Perspective. London: Prentice-Hall.

Mawardi, Muhjidin. 2007. Lingkungan: Sebuah Amanah. Jakarta: Lembaga Lingkunga n Hidup Muhammadiyah.

Millais, Corin. 2006. Common Belief: Australia’s Faith Communities on Climate Change. Sydney: Climate Institute.

Palmer, Martin dan Victoria Finlay. 2003. Faith in Conservation: New Approaches to Religion and Environment. Washington DC: World Bank.

Swearer, Donald K. 1997. “The Hermeneutics of Buddhist Ecology in Contemporary Thailand: Buddadhasa and Dhammapitaka” Dalam Mary Evelyn Tucker dan Duncan Ryuken Williams (eds.). Buddhism and Ecology: The Interconnection of Dharma and Deeds. Cambridge, Massachussets: Harvard University Press.

Taylor, Bron. 2010. Dark Green Religion: Nature Spirituality and the Planetary Future. Berkeley: University of California Press. Yafi e, Alie. 2006. Merintis Fiqh Lingkungan Hidup. Jakarta: Ufuk Press.

Acheson, James. 2006. “Institutional Failure in Conservation” Annual Review of Anthropology. 35: 117–134.

Amri, Ulil. 2011. “Faith-Based Mass Groups Take on Climate Change” Strategic Review: The Indonesian Journal for Leadership, Policy, and World Affairs, 1(1): 95–108.

Bhagwat, Shonil. Allison Ormsby, Claudia Rutte. 2011. “The Role of Religion in Linking Conservation and Development: Challenges and Opportunities” Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature, and Culture. 5(1): 39–60.

Boyd, J.M. 1984. “The Role of Religion in Conservation” The Environmentalist. 4(7): 40–44.

Callicott, J. Baird dan Karen Mumford. 1997. “Ecological Sustainability as a Conservation Concept” Conservation Biology. 11(1): 32–40.

Clarke, Gerard. 2007. “Agents of Transformation? Donors, Faith-based Organisations and International Development” Third World Quarterly. 28(1): 77–96.

Folz, Richard, Manya Saadi-Nejad. 2007. “Is Zoroastrianism an Ecological Religion?” Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature, and Culture. 1(4): 413–430.

Haluza-Delay, Randolph. 2008. “Churches Engaging the Environment: An Autoethnography of Obstacles and Opportunities” Research in Human Ecology 15(1): 71–81.

Harris, Ian. 1991. “How Environmentalist is Buddhism?” Religion. 21: 101–114.

Jenkins, Willis. 2009. “After Lynn White: Religious Ethics and Environmental Problems”. Journal of Religious Ethics 37(2): 283–309.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14203/jmi.v38i1.294
Copyright (c) 2016 Masyarakat Indonesia

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.